by sara.waldenberger -

01 Exploring the rollout of a national health administration tool

Keeping up with doctor’s appointments, scheduling, looking for printed medical findings from 2 years ago, these are all outdated processes everyone still deals with. With online portals like ELGA, the Austrian Government has started the process of digitizing the Austrian Healthcare system. Still, there is room for improvement.

This thesis explores the rollout of a national health administration tool designed to streamline processes, improve data accessibility, and foster better communication among healthcare providers and patients. An all-in-one tool, where patients and healthcare professionals can communicate, confidently share information, and – most importantly – prioritize the patient’s health efficiently.

A key focus of this thesis is to investigate whether patients are willing to embrace digital health tools within the national health administration framework, particularly given the sensitive nature of health-related topics. By conducting surveys and interviews, the research will assess patient attitudes, digital literacy, and perceived barriers to adoption.

The main challenge here is to fit the needs of a extremely broad user group. The needs and pain points of the healthcare professional and the side of the patient will be examined in order to find out wether or not such a tool could be realistic, or if the concerns data privacy outweigh the benefits.

In this blog I would like to identify best practices, challenges, and opportunities for creating a more efficient and user-centered health administration system.

Personal Motivation

I’ve always struggled with keeping up with medical appointments, as I’m sure most of you do. After I moved to Graz in October and faced the challenge of finding new doctors I was shocked at how difficult it is to find a doctor (in various fields) that takes new patients.

I was wondering how mortality rates could be tied to the challenges of getting regular medical checkups and found this study that confirmed my hypothesis (McQueenie, 2019): Missed appointments are a major indicator of all-cause mortality, especially among individuals with mental health issues. Current primary healthcare appointment systems fail to effectively address the needs of these patients. Therefore, future interventions must prioritize strategies to enhance attendance to regular doctor’s appointments.

My plan is to further investigate the touchpoints we have with the health care system and find difficulties and challenges. I would also like to ask around in my friend group (kind of like a informal mini survey) to see if they agree that this is an issue and what they find challenging so I can see what other topics I should focus on.

  1. eHealth Strategie Österreich
https://www.sozialministerium.at/Themen/Gesundheit/eHealth.html
    Powell, John & Arvanitis, Theodoros. (2015). Welcome to the Digital Health revolution. Digital Health. 1. 10.1177/2055207614561571.
  2. Joaquin, J. G. (2023). Designing for health: A guide to health and wellness technology.
  3. Hartlep, M. (2015). Durchblick trotz Wolke: Verwaltung von osteopathischen Praxen per Software. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1615-9071(15)30011-3
  4. Klauber, u. a. Krankenhaus-Report 2019 : Das digitale Krankenhaus.https://permalink.obvsg.at/fhj/AC15332383
  5. McQueenie R, Ellis DA, McConnachie A, Wilson P, Williamson AE. Morbidity, mortality and missed appointments in healthcare: a national retrospective data linkage study. BMC Med. 2019 Jan 11;17(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s12916-018-1234-0. PMID: 30630493; PMCID: PMC6329132.
by karina.rohrwild -

#3 Icons und Pictograms

Icons and pictograms are basic graphic symbols. Both are means of communication that aim to convey informations in a easy way. The two types differ mainly in their purpose and context.

Icon: Icons represent either a function, an application or a concept. In contrast to pictograms they are often more colorful and detailed. Icons are often adjusted to certain design system or brand or are used in a metaphorical context. They are particulary used in digital user interfaces such as on smartphoes or computers. They are used, for emaple, to enable easier navigation or the functionality of applications, including the diskette symbol, which stands for saving. Popular icons are the apple logo, the hamburger menu on websites or the heart symbol („Like“).

Pictogram: A pictogram is highly simplified and often monochrome. They are more minimalist and abstract than icons. They are often standaradised to avoid cultural misunderstandings. They convey informations or actions regardless of language. It is more important for pictograms to be universally and culturally understandable than for icons. It is especially aimed at clarity and universalty. Pictograms are mainly used in physical or spaces, such as traffic signs or emergency exit signs.

Sometimes, however, the graphic forms are not so easy to separate from each other and mixed forms are created. Well-known icons with pictogram character are, for example, the smiley or the peace sign.

The difference to brandmarks

The difference between pictograms and icons and brandmarks lies mainly in their function. Brandmarks represent a brand, their aim is not primarily to communicate complex information. They are used in branding and marketing. Their design is primarily focused on the brand identity.

History and development

Pictograms were one of the earliest forms of communication. Cave paintings were already pictograms, conveying information about hunting, rituals or everyday life. In ancient Egypt, hieroglyphs were used to communicate. With the invention of means of transport and the possibility of global travel, the need for universally understandable symbols increased. In the 1920s-1930s, simple symbols were developed for railway stations, airports and roads. In 1964, at the Olympic Games in Tokyo, internationally standardised pictograms were developed for the first time to visually represent sports. With the development of digital technology in the 1980s, icons became important in order to simplify usability. They also had to be easily recognisable on small screens.

Design

Pictograms and icons are often designed according to the so-called “flat design”. Particular attention is paid to simple lines and shapes, as well as vivid and high-contrast colours. Shading is used only minimally or completely removed. Flat design is intended to make the graphics user-friendly, simple and timeless. “flat design” is the modern design in contrast to the previous version of “skeuomorphism”. This style tries to design digital or modern objects in such a way that they look like physical objects. The aim was to increase user-friendliness through trust. Examples of this are the earlier app icons for the calendar or the notes app, which was designed to imitate a real block. The design of Apple iOS up to version 6, for example, closely followed this style. Realistic surface structures, plasticity and attention to detail were particularly important here.

Book tip

The book ‘Iconic’ examines the development and significance of pictograms and icons. It shows how graphics characterise modern designs, from branding to wayfinding, and how they function as a universal language and are used by designers worldwide.

Pictograms at the Red Dot Award

A few pictograms have already been honoured with the Red Dot Award for their effectiveness. Especially during the corona crisis, the symbols were essential for communicating safety rules. But pictograms also convey simple facts in other places such as digital interfaces. The ‘LG USP Pictogram’ programme system, for example, was developed to explain complicated functions in a simple way and won a Red Dot Award (2015).

Pictograms as an art form

In addition to conveying information, the graphics are also used as an art form. Gerd Arntz was a German graphic artist and pictogram designer known for his minimalist illustrations of work processes and social issues. He worked on his art in the 1920s and developed pictogram systems. Otl Aicher was also a German designer who made a significant contribution to the development of modern pictograms. For example, he developed a standardised pictogram system for the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich. Saul Bass from the USA combined his film posters with pictograms and symbols of film themes. Taku Satoh is a Japanese graphic designer known for his minimalist and clear designs, which often include pictograms. He designs many logos and icons, presenting complex concepts in an easily understandable way.

Resources

www.studysmarter.de – Grafikdesign/Icon-design

ww.vial-agentur.de – Icon Design – Was hinter den Zeichen steckt, die uns im täglichen Leben begegnen; 2019

www.creativebloq.com – Logo vs icon vs symbol: all the logo terms you nedd to know

www.commarts.com – Iconic: Icons and Pictograms in Design Today book design

www.red-dot.org – The Power of Design: ausgezeichnete Piktogramme

www.artnet.de – Gerd Arntz

www.otlaicher.de – Die Regenbogen Spiele; M.Holt

www.artnet.de – Saul Bass

tokyotypedirectorsclub.org – Member Satoh Taku

by alina.huft -

Propaganda but make it new

While the examples of Nazi propaganda offer a specific glimpse into the past of propaganda methods, it’s essential to recognize that the art of manipulation has not disappeared. In fact, it has further evolved with the digital times. In the age of social media, propaganda has taken on new forms by using platforms like TikTok, Instagram and Telegram it is able to reach a much younger audience. Right-wing parties, amongst many others, have been using and exploiting these platforms to spread their political messages and recruit new followers and thus spread further awareness about their political goals.

Social media platforms today are designed to be addictive. Their algorithms constantly learn our preferences, feeding us content that aligns with our beliefs and creating echo chambers where other opinions are drowned out. This highly personalized experience can make it difficult to distinguish between fact and fiction or even fake news. Younger individuals who spend a significant amount of time on these platforms are particularly sensitive. Their developing critical thinking skills make them more vulnerable to the manipulation of information that is consumed so fast and often. 

Social media platforms are not just passive spaces for consuming content; they are carefully engineered systems designed to keep users engaged. At the core of these platforms are algorithms and complex rules that determine what content users can see. When users interact with content on social media—by liking, sharing, or commenting—they provide valuable data to these algorithms. This information allows the platform to tailor the user’s feed, showing more of what they already liked and shared. Over time, this creates a filter bubble that isolates users from diverse perspectives and exposes them to a constant stream of information that confirms their existing beliefs. (De Luca, 2024)

The phenomenon known as the “echo chamber effect” (Khosravinik, 2017) can be particularly dangerous when it comes to political and social issues. Extremist groups and individuals can exploit algorithms to spread their messages to a broader audience by creating highly engaging and emotionally charged content. As a result, a deformed perception of reality emerges, allowing misinformation and conspiracy theories to thrive. Users become increasingly polarized and may struggle to understand the nuances of complex issues. This decline in critical thinking skills can have serious consequences, ranging from political extremism to social unrest.

The study of Harenberg (2024) has shown that young adults primarily get their news from social media, relying less on traditional news sources. As a result, many people now base their knowledge on information consumed on platforms like TikTok, often treating it as factual. The common phrase “I read somewhere that… ” has taken on a new meaning in this context, as most “scientific” findings are learned from videos and accepted as truth with little skepticism (Light-hearted News on Social Media Drawing Gen Z Away From Traditional Sources, 2023). This trend has significant implications, as social media platforms often contain misinformation and disinformation. Right-wing groups have made it a habit to exploit this by creating engaging content that appeals to the emotions of young people, often inciting fear, anger, and resentment. They sometimes also use popular challenges or TikTok trends, incorporating well-known songs to convey a right-wing worldview or message within their videos (Br, 2024). 

The content in question is designed to provoke anxieties around status and power loss, hereby calling for men to band together in a show of solidarity. This narrative crafts a sense of urgency and companionship by tapping into the insecurities some men feel regarding their masculinity. Right-wing populist rhetoric often use this to promise a revival of traditional gender roles, suggesting that by sticking to these traditional roles, individuals can improve their self-esteem and find belonging within a community that is portrayed as robust and united (Dillet, 2020). 

In this scenario, women are often depicted as passive, weak, or even as threats. This portrayal not only diminishes women but also demands men to take up the initiative of ‘defending’ the traditional family structure against the more modern family structures. Furthermore, the glorification of violence in some of these videos is very high; it is often framed as legitimate and even heroic to solve problems in a more brutal way, as this is considered manly and “normal”. This narrative can particularly resonate with young men, who may struggle with their identities and seek recognition within their community (Nickschas & Nickschas, 2024). The combination of these different themes and struggling emotions as young adults reinforces a cycle of anxiety, identity, and aggression and is used and capitalized. With this, right-wing populist messages promise a return to traditional gender roles and offer a boost to self-esteem by promoting a sense of belonging in a supposedly strong community.

Sources:

Khosravinik, M. (2017). Right wing populism in the West: social media discourse and echo chambers. Insight Turkey. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26300530.pdf

Dillet, B. (2020). Speaking to algorithms? Rhetorical political analysis as technological analysis. Politics, 42(2), 231–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263395720968060

Light-hearted news on social media drawing Gen Z away from traditional sources. (2023, July 20). www.ofcom.org.uk. https://www.ofcom.org.uk/media-use-and-attitudes/attitudes-to-news/light-hearted-news-social-media-drawing-gen-z/#:~:text=Social%20media%20platforms%20dominate%20the,feature%20in%20their%20top%20five.

Harenberg, M. (2024, July 8). Social Media als Nachrichtenquelle der Generation Z. MedienNetzwerk Bayern. https://mediennetzwerk-bayern.de/netzwerkwissen-social-media-nachrichtenquelle-generation-z/#top

De Luca, S. (2024, January 17). Filterblasen: Leben in der Bubble. MDR.DE. https://www.mdr.de/medien360g/medienwissen/meinungsbildung-im-netz-filterblasen-leben-in-der-bubble-100.html

Br, I. P. (2024, May 16). Warum die AfD auf TikTok Erfolg hat – und was andere Parteien daraus lernen. tagesschau.de. https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/gesellschaft/rechtsextremismus-jugendliche-100.htmlNickschas, J., & Nickschas, J. (2024, March 22). TikTok drosselt Reichweite von AfD-Europawahlkandidat Krah. tagesschau.de. https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/innenpolitik/tiktok-afd-100.html

by linaprima -

LS #2 A Short Recap On Feminism

In this blog post, I would like to dive into a basic explanation and definition of feminism. What is it and where does it come from? I want to create a starting point for my research, especially concerning the theoretical topic exploration of feminism in design.

Feminism and Feminists

To start off, the most commonly used term within this context is feminism (obviously).

Feminists generally agree that women* face discrimination due to their gender, leading to the persistent neglect of their needs. To address these issues, they argue for radical changes across social, economic, and political spheres (Delmar, 2018). At its core, feminism is rooted in the belief in the social, economic, and political equality of the sexes. Ultimately, feminism is about women striving for and demanding equal rights.

Stigmatization of feminism

The stigmatization of feminism highlights widespread misconceptions about the movement. A common paradoxical statement, “I am not a feminist, but I think equal rights for men and women are important,” reflects a misunderstanding of feminism, whose main idea is precisely the pursuit of equal rights in all areas for all people (Chen, 2021).

This stigma suggests that feminism is a concept many, often men, do not want to identify with. Feminists are often misrepresented as extremists who hate men and want to reverse existing gender roles, which is clearly untrue. A 2023 study by Aífe Hopkins-Doyle et al. shows how inaccurate those stereotypes about feminists are by revealing that feminists’ attitudes toward men were positive and did not differ significantly from those of non-feminists.

Another layer of stigmatization comes from the identities projected onto feminists. Feminists are often wrongly generalized based on behavior, looks, or sexual orientation—for example, the stereotype of a feminist as a strong, angry, aggressive lesbian woman who avoids makeup, dresses, or anything deemed cute or girly (Chen, 2021).

Patriarchy

Often, when talking about feminism, the word patriarchy pops up.  According to the Cambridge Dictionary (2022), patriarchy is a society in which the oldest male is the leader of the family or a society controlled by men in which they use their power to their advantage.  It’s a construct of society that is held up by decades of traditions and beliefs that are passed through generations of generations and impact us in the fields of gender inequality, gender-based violence, reproductive rights, stereotypes, and objectification (Peluso, 2023).

Even though the definition might indicate that men only benefit from this social construct, it is actually the opposite as they are affected by it as well, especially when it comes to mental health. Psychologists say, that the main topics that men struggle with are caged emotions which mainly include the “men don’t cry” mentality; silent struggles, as society expects men to be resilient to stress and not in need of help at any moment; relationship roadblocks, being open and vulnerable can influence a partnership especially when it comes to communication; risk-taking and violence as traditional masculinity glorifies aggression and harmful behavior (Zarafshan Shiraz, 2024).

History of Feminism (in short)

Within the history of feminism, it is often talked about the three (four) waves of feminism that started in 1848 at the Seneca Falls Convention, the first women’s rights convention (Oregon Secretary of State, n.d.).

Though there are a lot of arguments and thoughts that these women’s movements started a long time before that, several iconic women from the past can be counted as the foremothers of the feminist movements nowadays: The poet Sappho in ancient Greece who wrote about her love for women and was a teacher for girls about culture, music, theatre and more (Klaeui, 2021), Hildegard von Bingen who lived in the medieval times and consistently advocated for the rights and dignity of women (How Has Hildegard von Bingen’s Work Been Embraced by Feminists? – Saint Hildegard von Bingen, 2022), or the author Jane Austen whose books “hint at the need for equality between the sexes” (Sittenfeld, 2016).

But on the day, the first women’s rights convention was held, it became a self-conscious and clearly identifiable movement that later resolved in multiple similar movements (Rampton, 2015).

This first wave was most active in the US and Western Europe and mainly consisted of women’s marches, public gatherings, writings, and protests for the right to vote. It revolved around the press, the only form of communication at that time, which unfortunately was very biased and often described the early feminists as bad-looking and un-feminine. As the movement developed, the discussion about reproductive rights for women unfolded and the first birth control clinics were opened in the US (Guy-Evans, 2024).

The second wave happened between the early 1960s and the late 1980s after the postwar chaos and was inspired by the civil rights movements. Some would say it started with the publication of writer Simone de Beauvoir of her book “the second sex” (McDonough, 2023).

In addition to the ideas of the first wave, feminists now also focused on sexual harassment and discrimination, especially in workplaces. Also, the discussion about gender roles and sexuality started and questioned as well as – with the rise of television – the female representation in media (Guy-Evans, 2024).

This wave entailed tensions between different groups of feminists, as the movement was mainly built up by white, educated, middle-class women who mistakenly concluded that unity through the same gender would exceed all other experiences. Therefore, feminists from other ethnicities or classes, especially black women, faced oppression, and their issues were passed over and not prioritized, so they created their organizations (McDonough, 2023).

Achievements: Equal Pay Act 1963; Equal Credit Opportunity Act 1974; Legalization of abortion in the first trimester 1973; more educational opportunities

The third wave of feminism started in the 1980s/90s and was started by young feminists who grew up in a world of mass media and they believed to be more inclusive and less judgemental than the feminists before them.  An important factor for this was possibly, that in 1989 intersectionality was introduced, which is the interconnectedness of social categories, such as race, gender, class, sexuality, and ability (Hawk & Sharkey, 2016).

The main ideas of the first wave had a lot to do with the questions of identity, such as the ideas of the self, the fluidity of gender, sexual identity, and what it means to be a woman (Guy-Evans, 2024).

An ideal of this movement is a woman’s choice, the concept of girl power is introduced, and women are encouraged to do whatever they want to do. An example would be putting on makeup if it is their own wish to do so and not for the male gaze. Also, third-wave feminism is often pro-sex, defending pornography, sex work, intercourse, and marriage, and reducing the stigma surrounding sexual pleasure in feminism. Lastly, they also strongly stand up for female representation and cultural production (Guy-Evans, 2024).

Lastly, the fourth wave started sometime around 2012 with a focus on sexual harassment, body shaming, and rape culture. This wave arose through a bunch of incidents regarding sexual harassment and rape worldwide.  One impactful day happened right after the election of former US- President Donald Trump in 2016. Shortly after, a Women’s march for equal rights was proposed via Facebook resulting in more than 4.6 million people marching on January 21st2017 (Britannica, 2019).

A movement that is directly connected to the fourth wave is the #metoo movement that started in 2017 with the revealing of Harvey Weinstein being a sex offender and having assaulted and raped women for years in the industry. The movement grew worldwide especially within social media by women using the #metoo (Britannica, 2019).

This wave is still ongoing.

* In this blog post, I primarily use the term “women” when discussing feminism and related issues. This choice is grounded in the historical context of feminist movements, which have traditionally centered on the experiences and struggles of women. However, it is important to emphasize that this usage is meant to include and apply to all individuals who fall under the FLINTA* umbrella (Female, Lesbian, Intersex, Nonbinary, Trans, and Agender people).

References

Aífe Hopkins-Doyle, Petterson, A., Leach, S., Zibell, H., Phatthanakit Chobthamkit, Rahim Sharafkhani, Blake, J., Bosco, C., Cherrie-Rees, K., Beadle, A., Cock, V., Greer, H. S., Jankowska, A., Macdonald, K., English, A. S., Wai, V., Asano, R., Beattie, P., Allan, & Chinun Boonroungrut. (2023). The Misandry Myth: An Inaccurate Stereotype About Feminists’ Attitudes Toward Men. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843231202708

Britannica. (2019). Feminism – the Fourth Wave of Feminism. In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/feminism/The-fourth-wave-of-feminism

Cambridge Dictionary. (2022, July 6). patriarchy. @CambridgeWords. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/de/worterbuch/englisch/patriarchy

Chen, C. (2021, November 8). Feminism as a Stigma: What does a feminist look like. Kellogg.campusgroups.com. https://kellogg.campusgroups.com/GEN/blog/feminism-as-a-stigma–what-does-a-feminist-look-like-/21353/?back=2

Delmar, R. (2018). What Is Feminism? Theorizing Feminism, 5–28. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429494277-2

Guy-Evans, O. (2024, February 13). Four Waves of Feminism Explained. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/four-waves-feminism.html

Hawk, T., & Sharkey, G. (2016, July 26). What is “Intersectional Feminism”? Denison University. https://denison.edu/academics/womens-gender-studies/feature/67969

How has Hildegard von Bingen’s work been embraced by feminists? – Saint Hildegard von Bingen. (2022, December 22). Sainthildegard.com. https://sainthildegard.com/how-has-hildegard-work-been-embraced-by-feminists/

Klaeui, A. (2021, September 4). Sappho neu entdeckt – Sappho war aristokratisch, lesbisch und eine begnadete Dichterin. Schweizer Radio Und Fernsehen (SRF). https://www.srf.ch/kultur/literatur/sappho-neu-entdeckt-sappho-war-aristokratisch-lesbisch-und-eine-begnadete-dichterin

McDonough, M. (2023, December 14). Second-wave feminism | Britannica. Www.britannica.com. https://www.britannica.com/topic/second-wave-feminism

Oregon Secretary of State. (n.d.). State of Oregon: Woman Suffrage – The 1848 Seneca Falls Convention. Sos.oregon.gov. https://sos.oregon.gov/archives/exhibits/suffrage/Pages/events/seneca.aspx

Peluso, C. (2023). The Origins of Patriarchy. Population Media Center. https://www.populationmedia.org/the-latest/unmasking-the-patriarchy-its-origins-impact-and-the-path-to-equality

Rampton, M. (2015, October 25). Four waves of feminism. Pacific University Oregon. https://www.pacificu.edu/magazine/four-waves-feminism

Sittenfeld, C. (2016, April 20). Was Jane Austen a feminist? The answer is in her stories | Curtis Sittenfeld. The Guardian; The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/apr/20/jane-austen-feminist-pride-prejudice-curtis-sittenfeld

Zarafshan Shiraz. (2024, July 28). Emotional cage and relationship roadblocks: Here’s how patriarchy affects men’s well-being. Hindustan Times. https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/relationships/emotional-cage-and-relationship-roadblocks-heres-how-patriarchy-affects-mens-wellbeing-101722175443037.html

by florian.thausing -

Level Up your Gains: Introduction

Gamification of Strength Training through Interactive Characters

Strength training has long been a staple of physical fitness, offering numerous benefits ranging from muscle growth to improved bone density. Yet, maintaining motivation and consistency in weightlifting or resistance exercises remains a challenge for many. While gamification has transformed areas like cardio and general fitness, it has yet to fully address the unique dynamics of strength training. This thesis seeks to explore how gamified elements, specifically through interactive characters, can be leveraged to make strength training not just effective, but genuinely engaging.

The Idea: A Virtual Companion for Progress

The core concept revolves around creating an app where users progress a virtual character—akin to a Tamagotchi—by completing strength training exercises. This character evolves or “levels up” in response to user efforts, offering a tangible and engaging representation of progress. By tying a user’s physical activities to the character’s development, the app introduces a compelling layer of emotional investment. Each completed set or increased weight becomes not just a personal achievement, but a meaningful step in the virtual companion’s journey.

This approach stands out in a market where most gamified fitness apps cater to cardio and conditioning. Fitocracy, for example, offers points and social leaderboards, while Zwift creates immersive cycling experiences. These platforms have proven the effectiveness of gamification but fall short of addressing the specific goals and mechanics of strength training. This thesis proposes to fill that gap by creating an experience tailored to lifters, where every rep contributes to the growth of their digital companion.

Research and Rationale

The motivational benefits of gamification are well-documented. Research highlights how incorporating game mechanics like competition, narrative, and rewards into fitness routines can enhance adherence. A study in the European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education found that gamified interventions helped individuals overcome exercise barriers by making activities more enjoyable. Despite this, the bulk of gamified solutions in fitness emphasize general physical activity or rehabilitation, leaving strength training underexplored.

Strength training, with its unique focus on progressive overload and structured routines, presents a distinct opportunity for gamification. Unlike cardio, which often relies on repetition and endurance, weightlifting requires incremental improvement and technical precision. These characteristics make it an ideal candidate for a game-inspired framework where users can see their progress reflected in both their physical capabilities and their virtual companion’s narrative.

Prototyping an Interactive Experience

The proposed app will include carefully designed feedback mechanisms to balance motivation with proper form and safety. The virtual character could evolve by gaining new abilities or defeating enemies as users achieve milestones, such as completing a personal best or mastering a new exercise. For instance, achieving a deadlift goal might unlock a “boss battle,” encouraging users to strive for consistent improvement. These mechanics will be accompanied by real-time feedback to ensure correct execution, helping users avoid injuries and maximize results.

The interplay between narrative and functionality is critical here. A compelling storyline tied to the character’s growth will not only keep users engaged but also create a sense of accomplishment that extends beyond the gym. This connection aims to shift the focus from viewing workouts as a chore to experiencing them as part of an interactive and rewarding journey.

Transforming Strength Training

By introducing gamified elements specifically designed for strength training, this project has the potential to redefine how people approach resistance exercises. The emotional and psychological investment in a virtual character offers a fresh perspective on fitness, turning a traditionally solitary activity into an engaging and interactive experience.

This thesis not only seeks to address a gap in the current landscape of fitness apps but also aspires to inspire further innovation in the gamification of physical health. Combining the science of strength training with the art of game design, the project lays the groundwork for a future where workouts are not only about results but also about enjoying the process.

by elisabeth.seiler -

Gender in Typography and Iconography

While color plays a significant role, other visual elements like typography and iconography are equally important in creating gender-inclusive designs. Traditional advertising often employs serif fonts and ornate details to appeal to women, while sans-serif and bold fonts are associated with masculinity. However, modern brands are opting for clean, minimalist typography that avoids these stereotypes.

Masculine, Feminine, and Neutral: what’s new?

Fonts, whether consciously or not, are often perceived as “masculine,” “feminine,” or neutral based on their design characteristics. This perception is influenced by societal norms and the historical use of typography in various contexts. Fonts with bold, geometric, and angular forms—such as Futura or Roboto—are frequently associated with masculinity due to their structural rigidity and simplicity, which convey strength and functionality. Fonts with flowing curves, decorative details, or lighter weights—like Didot or Edwardian Script—are tied to femininity, evoking elegance, softness, and emotion. Neutral typefaces, such as Helvetica or Open Sans, aim to transcend these associations through balanced, minimal designs.

These associations matter because typography isn’t neutral; it subconsciously reinforces expectations and stereotypes. For instance, using a decorative, script font for a women’s brand aligns with traditional ideas of femininity but risks perpetuating outdated roles. Similarly, the dominance of bold, sans-serif fonts in tech design reflects a male-centric narrative within the industry. To challenge these norms, combining contrasting typefaces—such as pairing a strong sans-serif with a softer serif—can balance traditionally gendered traits. Ultimately, typography carries weight in shaping messages, and as designers, we have the responsibility to move beyond traditional binaries. By rethinking how fonts communicate gender, we can create more inclusive, innovative designs that reflect a diverse and evolving world.

Neutral Design Language

Abstract and geometric iconography also plays a role in transcending gender norms. For instance, the use of symbols like circles, triangles, and squares—rather than overtly gendered imagery—allows designs to feel neutral and universal. The emphasis shifts from targeting a specific demographic to fostering inclusivity and accessibility.

Sources:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022103118305493#:~:text=Collectively%2C%20research%20from%20different%20fields,associated%20with%20the%20category%20male.

https://medium.com/nyc-design/what-you-need-to-know-about-gendered-design-496f736588d1

by noah.bonevie -

The iPhone 16 Pro Max Sensor: Mastering Dynamic Range and Shooting in Log

Apple’s iPhone 16 Pro Max redefines the standard for mobile photography and filmmaking with its new sensor technology, dynamic range, and the ability to shoot in Log. This isn’t just an upgrade, it’s a leap forward for creators who demand professional performance from a smartphone.

Sensor Technology: A New Standard in Mobile Photography and Film

At the core of the iPhone 16 Pro Max’s advancements lies its sensor, which is larger and more advanced than before. The increased sensor size enables greater light sensitivity, leading to sharper, more vibrant images in low-light conditions. This improvement is achieved by stacked pixel architecture, a new design that maximizes light capture while reducing noise.

In addition, the iPhone 16 Pro Max employs Apple’s Advanced Photonic Engine to enhance color reproduction and detail, particularly in challenging lighting conditions. For creators, this means the ability to capture rich, lifelike images and videos without necessarily needing external lighting or extensive post-processing.

Dynamic Range: Unlocking Every Detail

Dynamic range is critical for capturing both highlights and shadows in the same frame, and the iPhone 16 Pro Max delivers an extraordinary range. Using Smart HDR 5, the iPhone processes multiple exposures in real-time to ensure that details in bright skies, dim shadows, and mid-tones are perfectly balanced.

For example, a sunset shot will showcase the vivid colors of the sky without washing out the sun or losing detail in foreground shadows. This capability is especially important for videographers shooting complex scenes, where dynamic range can make the difference between a good shot and a great one.

Shooting in Log: What It Means and Why It Matters

The iPhone 16 Pro Max introduces Log video recording to Phones, a feature typically found in professional cameras. Shooting in Log allows the camera to capture a flat, desaturated image with minimal in-camera processing, preserving the maximum amount of information about colors, highlights, and shadows. While the footage appears muted straight from the camera, this format is ideal for color grading in post-production, offering unparalleled creative flexibility.

Log File Size and Workflow: What to Expect

One tradeoff of shooting in Log is the significant file size. Log files capture more data than standard video formats, such as H.264 or H.265 because they retain extensive information about the scene’s dynamic range and color. For example:

  • A one-minute 4K Log video shot at 30 fps on the iPhone 16 Pro Max can take up 3-4 GB, depending on compression settings.
  • In contrast, a standard one-minute 4K video in HEVC format typically ranges from 400 MB to 1 GB.

This larger file size reflects the additional detail and information captured in Log. While the increased size offers incredible flexibility in post-production, it also requires more storage space and a robust workflow.

Workflow Considerations for Log
Handling Log files differs from standard video workflows.

Storage Management
Shooting in Log requires significant storage capacity. Users should invest in iPhones with higher storage options (up to 1 TB) or rely on external SSDs compatible with iOS for offloading footage. Regular backups are essential to prevent storage constraints during longer projects.

Processing Power
Editing Log footage is resource-intensive. Fortunately, the iPhone 16 Pro Max is equipped with the A18 Pro chip, which ensures smooth playback and editing in apps like Final Cut Pro for iPad or LumaFusion.

Color Grading Expertise
While Log provides unmatched flexibility, it also requires knowledge of color grading. Beginners can use LUTs (Lookup Tables), which are pre-designed color grading profiles, to quickly apply professional-grade looks. More advanced editors can take full advantage of software like Adobe Premiere Pro or DaVinci Resolve to fine-tune every detail.

The iPhone 16 Pro Max is a powerhouse for creators, offering features that were once exclusive to professional cameras. Its advanced sensor, incredible dynamic range, and ability to shoot in Log make it an ideal tool for anyone serious about photography or filmmaking. While Log shooting requires more storage and post-production effort, the creative possibilities it unlocks are endless.

For students, independent filmmakers, and even professionals, the iPhone 16 Pro Max represents a leap forward—not just in mobile technology, but in how we think about storytelling. With the right workflow and tools, this device can handle even the most demanding creative projects.

Literature:
Apple. (2023). iPhone 16 Pro Max: Technical specifications. Retrieved from https://www.apple.com

Peterson, A. (2023). How Apple’s Log recording changes mobile

filmmaking. CNET. Retrieved from https://www.cnet.comMansoor, S. (2023). Breaking down the iPhone 16 Pro Max’s sensor technology. TechRadar. https://www.techradar.com

Brown, T. (2023). Dynamic range and the rise of mobile cinematography. DP Review. https://www.dpreview.com

Smith, J. (2023). The pros and cons of shooting in Log on smartphones. Videomaker. https://www.videomaker.com


by tobias.schittenkopf -

Augmented- and Virtual Reality in Bouldering – Innovations and Case Studies

The integration of technology into sports has opened exciting possibilities, and AR and VR are transforming the world of bouldering. This blog post explores applications of AR and VR technologies, how they enhance performance, and ways how smaller climbing gyms can deliver interactive experiences similar to the MoonBoard, with little budget.

Current Applications of AR and VR in Bouldering

MoonBoard and Similar Systems
The MoonBoard is a standardized, interactive training wall equipped with an LED system controlled via an app. It connects climbers worldwide by offering identical routes regardless of location. The app features over 180,000 climbing problems, allowing users to track progress, compete globally, and refine their skills through structured training.

AR Guidance for Climbing
Augmented reality is used to project movement sequences or highlight optimal hold and foothold positions on climbing walls. Smart glasses, for instance, can show the best route in real-time, helping climbers—especially beginners—improve their technique and efficiency.

VR Simulations for Training
Companies like ClimLab are utilizing VR to create immersive training environments. These systems allow climbers to practice complex movements and scenarios, such as overhangs or challenging outdoor routes, within a safe virtual setting.

    How Technology Enhances Performance

    Data-Driven Training
    Wearables and sensor integration with AR/VR systems enable real-time analysis of movements, providing instant feedback on technique and performance. This data-driven approach helps climbers identify weaknesses and refine their skills effectively.

    Strength and Technique Improvement
    Tools like the MoonBoard and Tension Board use illuminated grips and data-backed training routines to build specific skills such as finger strength and endurance. These systems promote repetition and measurable progress, crucial for advanced climbing development.

    Gamification and Engagement
    AR/VR applications incorporate gamified elements, such as scoring for precise holds or timing challenges, to boost motivation. These features make training more engaging and enjoyable, encouraging climbers to push their limits.

      Creating a MoonBoard-Like Experience for Smaller Gyms

      Smaller gyms can leverage innovative, cost-effective technologies to replicate interactive training environments without significant investment:

      • Route Projection Systems: Affordable AR tools can project climbing routes onto walls, eliminating the need for physical LEDs.
      • Mobile Apps and Smart Holds: Bluetooth-enabled holds can be programmed to light up in specific patterns, offering flexibility and customization.
      • Localized Databases: A community-driven database of climbing problems fosters collaboration and provides tailored training opportunities.

      AR and VR are revolutionizing bouldering by enabling personalized training, fostering global connections, and making professional-grade tools like the MoonBoard more accessible. For smaller climbing gyms, creative solutions such as AR projections offer an exciting path to deliver interactive and motivational training experiences. As AR/VR technologies continue to advance, climbing may soon evolve into a hybrid reality, seamlessly blending the physical and digital worlds.

      by julia.steinle -

      3-Dimensional Bodies Made from Paper

      I deepened my research in the field of foldable designs, as I was fascinated by the folding of paper into 3-dimensional bodies. In the context of communication design, this includes design topics such as packaging, box design and keywords such as die-cuts & die-lines to realise concepts.

      1. Grundlegende Designprinzipien

      Form und Funktion

      • Die Form der Verpackung sollte praktisch und ergonomisch sein (leicht zu öffnen, zu lagern und zu transportieren).
      • Eine Balance zwischen Ästhetik und Funktionalität ist essenziell.

      Materialauswahl

      • Materialien wie Karton, Kunststoff, oder Metall sollten passend zum Produkt und nachhaltig sein.
      • Überlegungen zu Umweltfreundlichkeit (z. B. recycelbare oder biologisch abbaubare Materialien).

      Farben und Typografie

      • Farben sollten den Markenrichtlinien entsprechen und Zielgruppen ansprechen.
      • Typografie muss gut lesbar sein und die Markenbotschaft verstärken.

      Grafik und Branding

      • Klar definierte Markenidentität mit Logo, Schrift und Farbschema.
      • Ein harmonisches Zusammenspiel zwischen Grafiken, Bildern und Texten.

      2. Technische Aspekte

      Stanzvorlage (Die-Line)

      • Die flache, entfaltete Form der Verpackung zeigt alle Falt- und Klebekanten.
      • Muss präzise sein, um die Passgenauigkeit beim Falten sicherzustellen.

      Drucktechnik

      • Auswahl der richtigen Druckmethode (z. B. Offsetdruck, Digitaldruck, Flexodruck).
      • Überlegungen zu Spezialeffekten wie Prägungen, Folienprägungen oder Spotlack.

      Veredelung

      • Optionen wie glänzende oder matte Laminierungen, Prägungen oder Hologramme können die Verpackung aufwerten.

      3. Funktionen von Verpackung

      Schutz

      • Bewahrung des Inhalts vor Schäden (physisch, chemisch oder biologisch).
      • Sicherstellung einer sicheren Lagerung und eines intakten Transports.

      Information

      • Bereitstellung gesetzlich erforderlicher Angaben wie Inhaltsstoffe, Nährwerte, Gebrauchsanweisungen und Barcode.
      • Markenkommunikation durch Logos, Slogans und visuelle Identität.

      Präsentation

      • Attraktive Gestaltung, die Aufmerksamkeit der Zielgruppe erregt.
      • Darstellung der Markenwerte und Differenzierung von Wettbewerbern.

      Gesetzliche Anforderungen

      • Verpackungen müssen lokal und international geltenden Vorschriften entsprechen. (Verpackungslizenz)
      • Wichtige Informationen wie Mindesthaltbarkeitsdatum, Warnhinweise oder Recyclinghinweise müssen enthalten sein.

      Trends im Verpackungsdesign

      • Interaktive Verpackungen: QR-Codes, Augmented Reality.
      • Transparenz: Sichtfenster, die den Inhalt zeigen.
      • Nachhaltigkeit: Kreislaufwirtschaft und Abfallvermeidung, Upcycling & Repurposing

      Resources

      Further research ideas

      by franziska.schiffer -

      Visual Branding in Graphic Design

      Visual branding is the process of using visual elements to communicate the identity, values, and message of a brand. It’s the strategic use of logos, typography, color schemes, and other graphic elements to create a cohesive and recognizable brand image. A strong visual brand identity helps to stand out, and build customer loyalty, and recognizability.

      Key Components of Visual Branding in Graphic Design

      1. Logo Design  

         A logo is the central visual element that represents the brand’s identity. It must be memorable, simple, and scalable to work across various platforms and sizes. The logo should encapsulate the essence of the brand, whether through abstract symbols or text-based designs (Wordmark or Lettermark). 

      2. Typography  

         Typography involves the choice of typefaces to represent the brand’s personality. Consistent use of typography helps establish brand recognition and maintain visual coherence.

      3. Color Palette  

         Colors evoke emotions and influence perceptions. Each color can represent different meanings. A brand’s color palette typically includes primary, secondary, and neutral colors, each chosen to convey a particular feeling or message. Consistency in color usage helps to reinforce brand identity.

      4. Imagery and Graphics 

         The types of images, illustrations, and graphic styles used by a brand contribute to its overall tone and message. High-quality, consistent imagery that aligns with the brand’s values is key for creating a lasting impression.

      5. Brand Guidelines  

         A visual branding guideline or manual is a document that ensures all design elements are used consistently across different mediums. It includes rules for logo usage, typography, color codes, and other visual standards, providing a reference to maintain brand integrity across marketing materials and digital platforms.

      Importance of Visual Branding in Graphic Design

      – Brand Recognition: Effective visual branding enables customers to easily identify the brand. Consistency in design leads to stronger brand recall.

      – Differentiation: A unique visual identity helps a company stand out from competitors in a crowded marketplace.

      – Emotional Connection: Visual elements like color and imagery can evoke emotions, fostering a stronger bond between the brand and its audience.

      – Trust and Credibility: Consistent and professional visual branding builds trust with consumers, reinforcing the brand’s reliability.

      Sources:

      Wheeler, A. (2017). Designing Brand Identity: An Essential Guide for the Whole Branding Team (5th ed.). Wiley.  

      Henderson, P. W., & Cote, J. A. (1998). “Guidelines for Selecting or Modifying Logos.” Journal of Marketing, 62(2), 14-30.  

      Aaker, D. A. (1996). Building Strong Brands. Free Press.

       https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1161&context=honors_theses