In late April 2025, I had the exciting opportunity to attend the 3D Audio Seminar by Lasse Nipkow, held in cooperation with the VDT (Verband Deutscher Tonmeister) under the motto “Goosebumps can be planned!”. The seminar took place on April 29–30, 2025, at the ORF RadioKulturhaus in Vienna and brought together audio professionals, creatives, and technical experts with one clear goal: to create impressive 3D audio content for audiences.
The event was not only aimed at sound designers, studios, and educational institutions, but also at planners and representatives from concert halls, museums, hotels, and other service sectors. Its core mission was to bridge the gap between the technical and creative aspects of 3D audio, offering a deep dive into both psychoacoustic principles and practical implementation.
The program covered a wide spectrum:
- Psychoacoustic Foundations – understanding how humans perceive sound emotionally and using this knowledge to shape immersive experiences.
- Technology and Practice – showcasing tools and workflows for producing and presenting high-quality 3D audio.
- 3D Listening Experiences – offering real-world examples and demonstrations in a finely tuned acoustic environment to highlight the full potential of spatial sound.
An exhibition area run by the event’s partner companies also accompanied the seminar, offering product showcases and networking opportunities during breaks and the evening reception.
Day 1: Setup and Technical Exploration
Although I initially registered as a participant, Lasse reached out beforehand and asked if I would be interested in joining the setup crew for the event. I immediately agreed—this was a chance I couldn’t pass up.
I arrived in Vienna on Sunday Morning, two days before the official seminar started, and began helping with the installation of the system alongside the team from Pan Acoustics, a German company specializing in professional audio solutions. The setup included multiple speakers, mostly connected via PoE++.
Throughout the day, I had several opportunities for in-depth conversations with Lasse Nipkow himself. These discussions were incredibly insightful and gave me a deeper understanding of the nuances and real-world challenges involved in creating immersive audio content. He also let us try some chocolate he brought from Switzerland – it was very delicious!
A key part of the system design included the placement of the two subwoofers, which were positioned to ensure even bass distribution across the listening area—crucial for supporting the 3D spatial illusion without overwhelming certain areas of the room. One subwoofer was placed in the front of the room, and one on the side. The combination of both subwoofers should ensure an even bass distribution.
Day 2: Measurement and Calibration Issues
Monday was dedicated to measuring and calibrating the system, but several issues became apparent during this process. In my opinion, the subwoofers were simply too small for the size of the room, resulting in a general lack of low-end energy. The bass was not only uneven in some areas—it was overall too weak to support the immersive sound field effectively.
The goal of calibrating the system on this second setup day was to create a neutral listening environment so that all presenters could play their demo material under consistent conditions. However, the system was so poorly calibrated that this goal wasn’t achieved. Most of the ceiling-mounted (height) speakers were barely audible, and the overall balance between the different channels lacked cohesion.
It also seemed likely that some mistakes were made during the measurement process itself—perhaps certain channels were misrouted or mislabeled, which could explain the unusual levels and inconsistent imaging.
As a result, each presenter ended up adjusting individual channel levels to suit their own material and preferences. This led to considerable inconsistencies in playback across presentations—some demos felt immersive and dynamic, while others sounded flat or unbalanced. It was a clear example of how crucial proper system tuning is when aiming for high-quality 3D audio experiences.
First seminar day – April 29
We met at 8 AM, had a coffee, and took the opportunity to chat with various manufacturers before the first lectures began at 10 AM.
The first day began with a deep dive into the psychological and technical fundamentals of spatial hearing, led by Lasse Nipkow himself. He demonstrated how immersive sound can create emotional reactions and detailed the principles of auditory perception in spatial contexts—explaining how our ears and brains collaborate to locate and interpret sound in a three-dimensional environment.
Then, Daniela Rieger introduced Dialog+, a Fraunhofer-based solution for making dialogues more intelligible using AI-assisted processing. This technology addresses a well-known problem in broadcasting: the difficulty many viewers have in understanding speech due to background noise and music. MPEG-H Dialog+ creates an alternative “Clear Speech” version by lowering background sounds and music from existing audio mixes. This version is available as an additional track in on-demand content, such as in the ARD Mediathek.
Dialog+ utilizes cutting-edge Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to separate dialogue from other audio components. The system processes audio from real broadcasts, isolating the dialogue to create clearer, more accessible sound. It allows for personalization of the dialogue track, making it easier for viewers to understand speech in a variety of contexts, from documentaries to sports events.
Later in the day, Piotr Majdak and Katharina Pollack from the Austrian Academy of Sciences presented a session on how we perceive sound in space, explaining concepts such as HRTFs, ITDs/ILDs, and the role of early reflections in spatial hearing. Their session bridged the gap between scientific research and practical system design.
At 14:00 after lunch, Karlheinz Brandenburg, co-inventor of MP3 and founder of Brandenburg Labs, took the stage to discuss immersive headphone playback—an astonishing approach that makes the experience of listening over headphones almost indistinguishable from loudspeaker playback. His quote, “When I listen to sounds, our brain is a good pattern recognizer,” set the stage for a fascinating discussion on how our brains constantly compare the sounds we hear with stored expectations.
He presented various concepts:
- Belly-voice effect (ventriloquist illusion)
- McGurk effect (audio-visual fusion)
- Room divergence/convergence (interaction of sound with space)
- Learning and training (e.g., listening with different ears)
He argued that a plausible audio illusion requires a match between:
- Expectations: What we anticipate hearing in the current environment.
- Perceived sound: The actual auditory experience.
Several factors influence this, including:
- Anatomy: The shape of the ear canal (HRTF).
- Spatial cues: Reflections and room acoustics.
- Visual cues: Sight can influence hearing.
- Personal experience: Our brain’s prior knowledge.
Individualized HRTF:
Recent studies have shown that personalized HRTF (tailored to an individual’s ear and head geometry) is not strictly necessary for realistic spatial audio. The brain can adapt to generic HRTF filters over time, though having a personalized measurement can enhance spatial accuracy, especially in headphone-based setups.
Brandenburg discussed how our brain’s ability to match sound patterns creates the illusion of immersive, spatial sound, and how visual and other sensory cues can enhance or disrupt that illusion.
One of the most practically engaging presentations followed: Tom Ammermann introduced his innovative Spatial Audio Designer Processor. This system, designed for professional use, allows real-time object-based mixing and supports a wide range of formats, from 5.1 and Dolby Atmos to custom 64-channel setups. Tom demonstrated how his system can be used in various contexts, from postproduction to live events, providing a highly flexible tool for immersive audio.
The day concluded with an evening listening session, where Tom, Lenni Damann, and Bene Ernst shared their own immersive productions. One of the highlights was the “Roomenizer” from Pinguin Ingenieurbüro, which let listeners experience real-time acoustic environments like cathedrals and concert halls, showing the power of spatial sound to enhance storytelling.
Day 2 – April 30
Florian Camerer presented his 9-channel microphone setup as a solution to the challenges of location-based sound recording for immersive audio. This setup addresses the limitations of traditional mono or stereo recordings by enabling more accurate capture of 3D sound.
Camerer’s system was designed to improve localization and spatial depth, utilizing microphone placement and wind shielding to ensure high-quality recordings in outdoor environments. His approach is particularly suited for capturing natural soundscapes in formats like AURO-3D and offers a more immersive listening experience by providing true spatial representation of the environment.
Later, Roger Baltensperger and Dietz Tinhof explored immersive music production, focusing on how spatial design can enhance emotional impact. Dietz Tinhof spoke openly about the current challenges in the production and perception of immersive audio. Two key issues give him, in his words, “a stomachache”: First, immersive content is often created for marketing purposes only or to benefit from higher payouts on platforms like Apple Music—not because of genuine artistic interest.
He recalled a conversation with Apple Music where they said there was a “quality problem.” His response was: “It’s not a quality problem, it’s a comprehension problem.” In his view, there is still a lack of understanding about what immersive audio can and should be. Too often, it’s still treated as an add-on to stereo, rather than its own creative medium.
He also criticized the widespread practice of charging based on the number of stems in a mix. This leads to worse results, he said, because if a label can choose to pay less, they will—forcing engineers to cut corners: “You get what you pay for.”
Tinhof passionately argued that immersive audio deserves to be seen as an independent art form. At the moment, though, the ecosystem is broken: Labels say they make no money, listeners don’t perceive the difference, and producers are stuck in the middle, trying their best without the proper recognition or infrastructure.
The final listening block included wellness-focused soundscapes and meditative music mixes, showing how spatial audio can be used for relaxation and therapeutic purposes.
Spotlight: Lenni Damann & Bene Ernst
The final session by Lenni Damann and Bene Ernst was a true highlight for me. They focused on the creative use of space in music production, emphasizing that 3D audio should serve the music, not the technology itself. Their works, including immersive mixes for artists like AMISTAT or Alexander Pielsticker, demonstrated how subtle movements and depth can transform simple compositions into emotionally immersive experiences.
Lenni and Bene’s philosophy is that “3D only makes sense if it serves the music.” This was evident in their work, where space became an emotional dimension, not just a technical tool. Their use of reverb zones, depth layering, and precise spatial movement turned a solo piano piece into a deeply immersive experience. They showcased how spatial dynamics can amplify the emotional power of music, making every sound more significant.
For AMISTAT, they worked on “Seasons,” a project where 3D audio wasn’t just used for technical innovation but to enhance the storytelling and emotions of the music. Their approach highlighted the power of “Spatial Dynamics” in music production—showing that the size of the mix should follow the story being told, not the other way around.
For Alexander Pielsticker, their immersive mixes of minimalist pieces, including solo piano works, were designed with “3D in mind.” They utilized modern grand piano recordings and extreme effects, allowing listeners to feel as though they were sitting on the piano bench alongside the artist.
Exhibition Area & Manufacturer Highlights
Throughout both days, the exhibition area was a hotspot of inspiration. Leading manufacturers like Neumann, Sennheiser, Brandenburg Labs, and others showcased their latest products, from spatial microphones and monitoring solutions to immersive production tools and head-tracking headphone systems. Being able to test these tools hands-on and engage with developers and engineers provided valuable insights into how these technologies can be integrated into real-world workflows.
Final Thoughts
One of the most important takeaways from Lasse Nipkow’s seminar was the reminder that 3D audio is not simply “surround sound with height channels.” Instead, it creates a true volumetric sound field—one that blends natural spatiality with precise localization. Lasse emphasized how this approach unlocks an entirely different level of immersive experience.
A particularly striking moment was his demonstration of the difference between real sources—sounds coming directly from a speaker—and phantom sources that exist between loudspeakers. Real sources offer sharper localization and a stronger presence, while phantom sources are more flexible in movement but often sound more diffuse.
Another key concept was the separation of localization and spatial envelopment. Accurate imaging relies on direct sound, whereas a convincing sense of space emerges from decorrelated signals—similar content distributed across multiple channels. This principle is at the heart of 3D audio’s immersive quality.
To illustrate these ideas, Lasse presented multi-channel organ recordings made in the Hofkirche Lucerne. Different organ registers were spatially distributed and individually mic’d—some directed from above, some from behind, and others straight ahead. This spatial strategy, combined with uncorrelated ambient material, resulted in a sonic image that felt rich, complete, and true to the complexity of the instrument.
Finally, Lasse underlined the urgent need for more education and training in the field of 3D audio—not only for sound engineers, but also for musicians and producers. It’s not just about technology, he said, but about developing a sensitivity to psychoacoustics and spatial composition. When these two elements—precise imaging and immersive space—come together, that’s when the magic happens.
